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Aberační změny u fluvizemí vlivem intenzivního způsobu hospodaření
Fleková, Šárka
Diploma thesis „Aberration of fluvisol as affected by intensive agriculture management“ aims at the determination of selected soil properties, which can help us to assess the aberration changes. These can be positive or negative depending on agro-technical measures. Gleyic Fluvisol Clayic is under long-term monoculture of spring barely and under Norfolk crops rotation system. We followed soil reaction, buffering capacity, available nutrients content, and soil organic matter content and quality. Data set was evaluated by one-way ANOVA analysis and t-test (P=0,05). Negative aberration was confirmed in exchangeable soil reaction and soil organic carbon content. Positive aberration was found out in total nitrogen content, C/N ratio, and available nutrients. Effect of soil tillage and crops residues managements was not statistically significant.
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Vliv smíšení porostu na dynamiku růstu borovice lesní (Pinus sylvestris L.) ve Finsku
Vyčítalová, Hana
Mixed stands excel in their species richness and they theoretically have a better precondition for coping with disturbances than monocultures. On the other hand, there is interspecies competition, which may result in the oppression of individual species in the ecosystem. A total of 12 research plots in the province of North Karelia (Finland) were selected to approximate the effect of forest mixing on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In growing season 2018, stem volume changes and drought stress responses were observed in monocultures and with the admixture of one or both of the species Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The measurement of volume changes was performed using point dendrometers installed on individual pines, the temperature and soil moisture were monitored by a TMS-4 sensor located in the soil in the middle of each research area. It was found that in all cases, Scots pine grew only in dependence on rainwater, not groundwater. It was discovered that individuals in monoculture grew up to twice as much as in both types of mixed stands. They also showed a better ability to saturate the tissues with water after it had been spent for transpiration during the July drought. In August, however, the response to drought stress was comparable in monocultures and mixed stands. The measured results show that interspecific competition may have a negative effect on the growth and drought tolerance of Scots pine in the short term. However, at a time of escalating extreme climate events around the world, this issue needs to be further explored in order to create optimal conditions for the growth of future forests.
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Pěstebně-ekonomická analýza listnatých mlazin s různou příměsí dubu vzniklých kombinovanou a umělou obnovou
Zapletal, Miroslav
Abstract of the work This thesis deals with the growth characteristics of oak at the stage of coppice that was based in different variants depending on the type of mixing and method of recovery (combined, artificial). The research areas are located in Kostelec woods which is about 7 km from the Holešov town in the district of Kroměříž. In total there are five areas evaluated, the area (I, II) Option 1 - monoculture and area (III - V) Option 2 - mixed (combined and artificial regeneration). Crops were chosen so as they are the same age, only the area V is older and without silvicultural intervention. The measurement of tree species was carried out in each alternative on the pad of 3.14 m2 (r = 1 m) in a regular grid of 5x5 m. On each space were measured height, výčetní tloušťka a cenotické postavení of all trees and quality of the treetop. Collected data are recorded in tables and graphs. The results of the thesis show that the oaks in option (1) in all the above parameters are better than in the variant (2).
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Problematika pěstování palmy olejné na Sumatře
Petrášková, Linda
Petrášková, L. Problems of oil palm growing in Sumatra. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel university in Brno. Faculty of regional development and international studies. Institute of environmental and natural resources. Supervisor: prof. Ing. Ilja Vyskot, CSc. This bachelor thesis is focused on Problems of oil palm growing in Sumatra. The first part of the work characterizes the mention history and the origin of the agriculture commodity and the way of cultivation and utilization. Subsequently, it seeks to bring its growing global importance closer to the main productive areas. The second part outlines business aspects and the development of economic indicators due to the acceleration of oil palm production in Indonesia. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of the selected environmental, social and economic aspects that are created or deepened by the overexploitation of monoculture. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the highlighted aspects and to propose suitable recommendations for improving the situation.
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Analýza stavu porostů smrku ztepilého (Picea abies) ve vztahu k pedologickým charakteristikám prostředí na LS Vsetín
Matějka, Petr
The bachelor thesis compares the prosperous and non-prosperous habitat in the cadastre of Velké Karlovic according to their pedological characteristics with respect to the growth and life of Norway spruce. The area of interest is located in the flysch zone of the Western Carpathians. The specific placement of claystone and sandstone layers has a significant impact on the total soil water regime at the sites under investigation. Both sites form ecologically unstable spruce monocultures, which amplifies the negative effects of water deficit. In the non-prosperous habitat, the physical and hydrophysical properties of the soil were assessed as unsuitable for spruce growing. An optimal woody composition with a predominance of beech was proposed, supplemented with larch, ate and cherry
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Vliv způsobu zpracování na dynamiku organického uhlíku v půdě
Cimová, Dagmar
Diploma thesis is aimed at evaluation of soil organic carbon dynamic and humic substances quality in monoculture of spring barley and Norfolk crop rotation system. Further we followed the influence of different soil tillage system (minimalization and conventional tillage) on to humus and humic substances dynamic. Gleiyc Fluvisol was classified and observed during 2017 – 2018 within field long term experiments of Mendel University in Brno at locality Žabčice. Measured data set was evaluated using program StatisticaCZ12, software (StatSoft software Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA). Obtained results shown that statistically significant differences between Norfolk and monoculture were in following parameters: organic carbon content, humus content and humic substances content. Higher values were in Norfolk crop rotation system.
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Kvalita fluvizemě glejové při různém způsobu obhospodařování
Klobásová, Gabriela
Bachelor thesis is aimed at evaluation of soil chemical properties of Gleyic Fluvisol during long term field experiments of Mendel University in Brno at locality Žabčice. Selected chemical parameters such as soil reaction, conductivity, buffering, humus content and quality of humic substances, and content of available nutrients were determined by commonly used standard methods. Measured data during the period of 2017 and 2018 in Norfolk crop rotation sequence and monoculture of spring barley were statistically evaluated using program Statistica CZ12 (StatSoft software Inc., Tulsa, Oklamoha, USA). Obtained results showed that statistically significant differences between Norfolk and monoculture were in the following parameters: organic carbon content, humus content and humic substances content.
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Vyhodnocení zaplevelení dlouhodobé monokultury ozimé pšenice
Chalupová, Nikola
This bachelor thesis deals with the weed infestation of monocultures of winter wheat and cereals. In terms of each monoculture there is dealt with variations of the straw management. Subsequently the intensity of weed infestation and species name is compared within different variants of straw management. The research is run at the research station in Ivanovice na Hané in 2017. Data was collected using the numerical method. Final evaluation is processed in the MS Office and Canoco 5.0. The intensity of weed infestation was displayed by bar charts. The ordination diagram was used to present which kinds of weed can be found altogether and in what kind of the monoculture they appeared.
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Diverzita plevelů v podmínkách odlišného střídání plodin
Daníčková, Lucie
The aim of this study was to evaluate the species composition of weeds in the crop. Spring barely has been grown in the monoculture and also within the Norfolk crop rotation. The ground was utilized in two ways. The first way was classical (traditional) technology with using of deep plowing, the second way was minimization of technologies. Observation of the field trial was done in 2014 and 2015 and the results of this experiment were evaluated in the period between 5.5.2014 and 2.5.2015 prior to application of herbicides. Numerical method has been used there, the number of weeds was detected per 1 m2 for each variant tillage and crop rotation in 25 repetitions. Results of the evaluation of weed crops of spring barley were first processed by using DCA analysis. The result is a length of the gradient (Lengths of gradient). In our case it was 5.058. For further processing was chosen canonical correspondence analysis CCA. Analysis CCA defines the spatial arrangement of individual weed species and studied factors of cultivation practices (crop rotation, tillage) based on data about the frequency of occurrence of weed species. This is later graphically expressed by the ordination diagram. At the study area were recorded overall 31 weed species. The greatest abundance was found on land, where minimizing tillage technology was used. Diversity in traditional tillage was comparable with diversity in the minimization tillage and it was therefore impossible to establish whether the tillage effects on species diversity of weeds. In monoculture we found 13 weed species all together, while on the ground were we use Norfolk crop rotation, there were a total of 17 species. It is therefore possible to conclude that the practical use of crop rotation has a positive impact on the diversity of weeds. Crop rotation was probably more suitable for those species: Arctium tomentosum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Erodium cicutarium, Euphorbia helioscopia, Chenopodium album, Chenoodium ficifolium, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium quinoa, Malva Neglecta, Polygonum aviculare, Sonchus oleraceus, Thlapsi arvense, Trifolium alexandrinum, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Viola arvensis. I recommend to continue the field trial in order to evaluate the long-term ties weeds on crop rotations and tillage.
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